Dimensions of Criminology A Study of Crime Essay

When examining criminal acts one will find that there many aspect which contributes to the actually crime itself. The expert have for years sought to discover the root cause of crime. Some of the primitive research considered the facial features, the contour of the skull as the sources of the criminal behavior. In addition, there are researchers who believe that the offender environment is a determining factor in their criminal behavior. This is to say that offender who was raised poor or lived in a crime-infested area will be impacted by these factors. This paper will examine several of the factors that make up the dimension of criminology. Biological and Psychological Explanation of Crime†¦show more content†¦For example, Charles Goring desired to analysis Lombroso’s theory. Goring was not able to find any conclusive evident to prove Lombroso theory. Moreover, researchers such as Ernest Hooton an American Anthropologist was critical of Lombroso theory. Hoo ton believed that criminal tendencies were a result of their environment not physical attributes. â€Å"William Sheldon incorporated psychological traits into his biological theory which make a connection between criminal behaviors to somatotypes or body types† (Conklin, 2010, p. 106). Sheldon’s theory suggest that three dissimilar body types are includes in this theory, Endomorphs, Ectomorphs, Mesomorphs. â€Å"Endomorphs - are soft and laid back, who tended not to be delinquent same as Ectomorphs - who are described as thin, fragile. Whereas, Mesomorphs which are described as muscular, active, and aggressive tends to be twice to be delinquent† (Conklin, 2010, p. 106). His theory was criticized because secondary research proves to have inconsistent results. The result was inconsistent in part because the research failed to include variable such as environmental influences. Sheldon theory much like Lombroso tends to stereotype people with specific physical attributes. However, some of the available research gives some support to the assumption of consistency in criminals’ behavior. â€Å"It also suggests that in comparison with intra-individual variation in behavior, inter-individual variation isShow MoreRelatedFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law-breaking and criminality of people ,the key perception is to assess how behaviour is stubborn. There are also two types of positivism that illuminate the clarification of crime and de viancy, these are known as Psychological Positivism and BiologicalRead MoreHow do Differential Association Theories best Demonstrate that Criminal Behaviour is a ‘Learned Behaviour’1007 Words   |  5 Pagessociological contribution to criminology, similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory. These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual’s social relationship. Sutherland’s theory make tracks from the pathological perspective and biological perspective by features the cause of crime to the social context of individuals. â€Å"He rejected biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well as economic explanation of crime. His search for alternativeRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology And Criminal Justice Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pages1. Scholars in criminology and criminal justice have suggested the following: â€Å"Any criminology worthy of its name should contain a comparative dimension. T he contents of cultural meaning that are loaded into a subject are too variable for it to be otherwise.† Explain this statement. Use examples in the explanation. Criminology and criminal justice are multidimensional studies that require numerous perspectives in order to create well-rounded findings. Crime is largely intertwined with culture. InRead MoreLaw Enforcements Perceptions And Preparedness956 Words   |  4 Pages427.5148  · jl03738@georgiasouthern.edu EDUCATION Cyber Crime Graduate Certificate Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA Graduation: December 2016 GPA: 3.50 Masters of Arts in Social Sciences in Criminal Justice and Criminology Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA Graduation: May 2016 GPA: 3.80 Thesis: Law Enforcements’ Perceptions and Preparedness to Address Child Exploitation via Hacking Bachelor of Science in Justice Studies Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA Graduation:Read MoreThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will attempt to trace the development of the ecological studies of crime found by the Chicago School and how the findings have shaped our understanding of crime in the 21st century. Firstly by introducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social PsychologyRead MoreThe Rational Choice Theory1728 Words   |  7 PagesLa’Shante Samuels Kaplan University, CJ102 Criminology Unit Five Midterm Project The Rational Choice theory approach has been used by social and political scientists to put some type of meaning of why humans behave in a certain way. In recent years, rational choice theory has been widely used in other disciplines such as sociology, political science, and anthropology. It has gained influence in politics and sociology over the past thirty years. This choice theory stressed the role of knowledgeableRead MoreThe Effects Of School Violence On Schools1663 Words   |  7 PagesSchool bulling attributes to three-quarters of the crime that is committed on innocent bystanders. This issue is increasing in schools across the nation, therefore you have been tasked to be a part of the solution and not the problem. Each and every student and potential student is threatened by falling victim to this crime unless something is done about it. We seek to find a permanent solution to a consistent problem. I. Is bulling considered a crime? Bulling is in fact illegal according to the stateRead MoreRealtionship Between the Media, Public Perceptions of Crime and Police1553 Words   |  7 Pagesof exposure to specific news media affect fear of crime? This question is examined in a survey with data collected from three universities in the United States and one in Canada;  The Impact of Media on Fear of Crime among University Students: A Cross-National Comparison, goes over the results. It’s believed that fear in itself can be debilitating leading to harmful social outcomes. Vincent Sacco believes there are three dimensions to fear of crime: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Cognitive looksRead MoreCriminology : Life Course Criminology1817 Words   |  8 PagesLIFE COURSE CRIMINOLOGY ESSAY- 2000 WORDS MAY 2nd 2017 Life-course criminology is the focus on changes in offending and problem behaviours over the course of a person’s lifetime, often with three descriptions; developmental criminology, age related criminology and life course criminology, this is because although there are variations of the same general ideas, there are subtle differences. Developmental and life course criminology have many similar characteristics, however, they do also differRead MoreIntesectionality: Gender, Race and Gangs Essays2452 Words   |  10 PagesIntersectionality: Gender, Race, and Gangs Introduction In much of social science research, gender, race, class, and other dimensions of identity are treated as discrete variables, to be studied and measured separately. In recent years, however, feminist sociological theorists have argued that race, gender, class, and other axes of identity must be treated as overlapping and intersecting forms of oppression. Kimberlà © Crenshaw, (1989) was among the first to articulate this theory, and coined

Pop And Korean Pop Music Essay - 1511 Words

K-pop, short for Korean Pop Music, is a South Korean phenomenon that is starting to spread globally thanks to the internet. K-pop has become a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults throughout Asia, and has resulted in widespread simulation of fashion and style to be similar to Korean idol groups and singers. With this phenomenon comes something called the K-pop effect, which has led to new standards of beauty in South Korea. There is a rise in popularity of plastic surgery amongst, the youth in South Korea and it looks like the fresh faces of the Korean music stars are fueling their obsession. One of the major stereotypes, or cognitive framework that influences the processing of cognitive information (Baron Branscombre, 2012), of the South Korean culture is that they are superficial and completely obsessed with their looks. I have even heard stories where parents give their children plastic surgery for graduation presents. The idea behind getting plastic surgery is to look more Western, but I believe that it s a little bit more close to home and it s shaping a new generation of Korean youth. Studies show that South Korea has the highest rate of cosmetic procedures per capita in the entire world. The number of South Korean women who have had some kind of cosmetic procedure is at 1 in 5, compared to American which is 1 in 20. The city of Gangnam is known as the beauty belt, it is a suburb with hundreds of plastic surgery clinics and pretty much nothing else,Show MoreRelatedKorean Pop Music And Its Effects1979 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past 4-5 years I have listened to Korean pop music as my main source of music. Over this time, a lot of changes have happened in the Kpop community but the most outstanding change was how much more popular Korean music has become worldwide. Kpop has been around since the 90’s but has recently become much more popular globally with thanks to the internet and social media. Globalisation and its effects have been amplified extremely by the Internet which has facilitated communications betweenRead MoreGlobalization Strategy Of The Kore an Pop Music9775 Words   |  40 Pageshybridisation has been applied by Korean music labels in marketing their music products overseas. This has been viewed by many marketers and scholars as one of the key reasons that promotes overseas popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop). Inspired by the hybridisation strategy of cultural products and successful applications of CT in K-pop, this paper looks into hybridisation in music products in a value chain approach. This would be the first attempt to discuss hybridisation in music products along value chainRead MorePinoy Youth’s Preference for Kpop (Korean Pop) Music: How Does It Affect Their Taste for Opm (Original Pilipino Music)?4877 Words   |  20 PagesKPOP (Korean Pop) music: How does it affect their taste for OPM (Original Pilipino Music)? CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This particular research study aims to determine the Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). Regarding this, the researchers will seek to know whether factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers’ preference towards Original Pilipino Music In additionRead MoreMy Life Of K Pop Music1501 Words   |  7 PagesI-Search Essay If I am not studying nor have other plans, I spend most of my time listening to K-pop music. Sometimes I watch these K-pop celebrities†¯on reality TV†¯shows, movies, Korean TV†¯dramas, and even their live performances on YouTube or a live streaming app. I ve been listening to K-pop for more than five years. Soon I began to accumulate knowledge about Korean culture,†¯entertainment, and music industry. I was always intrigued by other Asian cultures such as Chinese and Japanese since I thoughtRead MorePop Music And Its Impact On South Korea Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesK-pop is a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Although it comprises all genres of â€Å"popular music† within South Korea, the term is more often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music covering a wide range of styles including dance-pop, pop ballad, electronic, rock, metal, hip-pop mus ic and RB. K-pop gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, and spreading to whole Asia and World, viaRead MoreMusic Videos : The Video, You And I, By F. N. B Pop Music1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe same token, visually stunning music videos also captured fans from across the globe. Korean pop music is known for having sophisticated and visually stimulating music videos. â€Å"K-pop musical content includes not only audio aspects but also visuals that flow† (KOCIS: K-pop 44-45). Entertainment companies spend thousands of dollars in producing a music video with intricate concept themes, computer-generated (CG) effects, and colorful background. Watching K-pop music videos is like watching a dramaRead MorePopular Music or K-Pop in South Korea1272 Words   |  5 PagesSouth Korean popular music (shortly known as K-Pop) and its music videos are a worldwide phenomenon that effectively disseminates the Korean culture in different parts of the world. So, what is a K-Pop? The K-Pop is a musical genre that integrates a variety of music styles, such as hip-hop, RB, jazz, rap, and etc. In addition, K-Pop music video is an audiovisual element that consists not only the variety of musical styles, but also the stunning physical attributes of the singers as well. AlmostRead MoreKorean Wave And Its Effect On The Korean Culture996 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The Korean Wave also known as Hallyu first appeared during the mid 1990’s. Korean Wave simply means the rising of popularity of the Korean culture (Lee, 2011). This Korean Wave was an example of a ripple effect meaning it is continuing to spread. K-Pop is an abbreviation of Korean pop, which has different music genres incorporated into one. K-pop includes hip-hop, electronic, rock and R’n’B music that has originated from South Korea. Korean pop music began to gain its popularity amongRead MoreThe Korean Wave And Korean Culture980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Korean wave. We chose to do our project on the Korean Wave because we wanted to learn about Korean Culture and why the Korean Wave was rising in popularity. What is the Korean Wave and why is is increasing in popularity? The Korean wave is about the increasing popularity of South Korean Culture around the world that started in 1997. The Korean wave started with the spread of Korean dramas across east, south and Southeast Asia and later became a global phenomenon after the creation of K-Pop mu sicRead MoreKpop Influence Essay587 Words   |  3 PagesThe Korean pop music, commonly referred to as K-pop (it being an abbreviation of the term Korean pop), has actually become a greater part of the Korean pop. The K-pops popularity has been notably attributed to individualism and also talent. It is also worth noting that the music has been having a wide diversity through the collaboration with different musicians. K-pop has been however termed as being widely manufactured. In the recent years, the Korean entertainment companies are now heavily depending

Writing Assignment one Barrick Gold and Mine free essay sample

Barrick Gold and Mine This article is meant to points out the two main communication problems of the mining project and provide solutions using the communication model. The two main communication problems are environmental worries from local residents and the injunctions from local government. If cannot be solved on time, they may cause severe resentment from local residents, huge loss of profit, decrease of stock price, or even disinvestment from investors. The causes of these problems are various. For the first problem, using the wrong communication skills while communicating with local people and a lack of communication are crucial among all. It built a wall between themselves and the local people which accelerate the accumulation of resentment. As for the other one, belatedly feedback and misinterpretation are keys. Before all problems occurred there always will be some symptoms show up. For problem from locals, symptoms might be: low efficiency of local employees, negative news form local media, or even demonstrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Assignment one: Barrick Gold and Mine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For problem from local government: more frequently official procuratorial works on mining waste treatment, or a sudden increase of restrictions from government. There are two main stakeholders of this case will be locals and local government. Local residents worry about the water pollution, which directly affect their health, while the government caring more about economic benefit. By using communication model to solve the first problem, the senders must be a professional and the COO of Barrick. Because locals would likely to trust him according to their professional background and a COO is more convincing than a common officer. The COO needs to explain the measures of sewage treatment, following with brief analysis of a report from professional, indicate treated water is harmless. Hold a hearing to communicate with locals is wise. It shows respect to them, and publicity from scene media give them beliefs that Barrick is willing to solve this problem. While explaining, reporters should always stick tight to the topicusing the treated water do no harms to your health. By so, receivers know what you said meets their requisitions. After the hearing, Barrick should set up an apartment specialize in collecting suggestions or complaints from residents, which can reduce popular discontent. For problem from government, the sender should be CEO or an executive director, as the higher authority propagandist have the more respect the listener probably feel. And words from rankers is more powerful than commons. The main content of the speech could be: provide statistics of the ongoing water quality for the pass period; provide solutions of the belatedly feedback about their inspection report on the mining waste. It directly tells the receiveryour people will benefit from this project in an environmental friendly way. As the way to do so, a press conference will be perfect. Finally, same as the first stakeholder, liaison man is required in order to provide feedback to local government on time. We must admit that complains will never disappear even though Barrick give up all possible benefits, so the only thing Barrick can do is to win the supports from majority people. I believe by using the appropriate communication skills Barrick can final reach their commercial objectives.

Space Exploration Essay Example For Students

Space Exploration Essay H By: Jigar Bhakta Space Exploration Essay: FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE Ever since the beginning of time, mankind has been fascinated with wonders of space. Before the mid-1900s, all mankind could do was gaze at the stars from Earth and wonder what it would be like to go into space. Man would look through telescopes and make theories on how the universe worked. During the mid-1900s, mankind finally was able to send a man into space and explore the wonders of space first hand. So why do humans explore space? Well, it is our fascination with the unknown. We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At first, all mankind did was look up and wonder how things became what they are now. We started to think that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth, and the Earth was the center of the entire universe. Galileo Galelie later disproved this theory. Even with growing knowledge in the field, it was not until 1957 when the first Earth orbiter, the Soviets Sputnik 1, was sent into space and placed in orbit at an altitude of 1,370 miles and weighed 184 pounds. Later in that year, the Soviets sent Sputnik 2 into space with a dog named Laika. Laika was the first animal to venture into space. Then in 1985, the United States successfully sent their very own satellite into space. In 1960, the Soviets launched to dogs into space and successfully returned them to Earth. From this point started the space race. The space race was a challenge between the USSR and the United States to see who could land a man on the moon first. In 1961, the first man in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin who was in space for 60 minutes before returning to Earth in Vostok 1 and was sent by the USSR. Astronaut Shepard flew the first manned sub-orbital space-flight by the Americans. The first true American orbital flight was by John Glen and he stayed in space for five hours in Mercury 6 in 1962. Then in 1963, the USSR sent the first woman into space; her name was Valentina Tereshkova-Nikaleva. They also had the first person to take a space-walk in 1965. In 1968, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA tested the first Saturn 5 rocket, which would be used for the Apollo missions. The first manned Apollo missions and the first flight around the moon took place in 1968. Finally, on July 21, 1969, the United States placed the first man on the moon winning the space race. The challenge for mankind at present is placing a human on Mars. We have already sent probes on to Mars and roamed some of its terrain with the rover known as Sojourner. Sojourner was taken to Mars on NASAs Mars Pathfinder and was the first wheeled vehicle to operate on another planetary surface. The Mars pathfinder sent photographs, atmospheric measurements, and a few other important data that will contribute to taking a man to Mars. While pathfinder sent data, Sojourner examined rocks and soil samples with a camera and Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer, providing useful data on chemical compositions and radiation bounced back from rocks and dust. The mission finally ended when the Pathfinder stopped responding to commands from NASA. NASA has sent two other probes to Mars, but both malfunctioned and were destroyed on impact on the Martian surface. The US and a few other countries have joined together and are constructing the International Space Station or the ISS. The ISS is scheduled to be completed in 2004 and will be continuously occupied by up to seven crewmembers. The space station is envisioned to be a world-class research facility in which scientist can study Earth and space, as well as explore the medical effects of long durations of weightlessness in space and the behavior of materials in a weightlessness environment, and the practicality of space manufacturing techniques. Now, the future of space exploration depends on many factors. Some of these factors are as followed: how much technology advances, how political forces change rivalries as well as partnerships with other nations, and how important space exploration is to the general public. .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .postImageUrl , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:hover , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:visited , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:active { border:0!important; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:active , .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890 .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70aae7260d66494fce7489c237220890:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teenage peer pressure drugs and alcohol Essay NASA is working on a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, but . Space Exploration Essay Example For Students Space Exploration Essay Ever since the beginning of time, mankind has been fascinated with wonders of space. Before the mid-1900s, all mankind could do was gaze at the stars from Earth and wonder what it would be like to go into space. Man would look through telescopes and make theories on how the universe worked. During the mid-1900s, mankind finally was able to send a man into space and explore the wonders of space first hand. So why do humans explore space? Well, it is our fascination with the unknown. At first, all mankind did was look up and wonder how things became what they are now. We started to think that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth, and the Earth was the center of the entire universe. Galileo Galelie later disproved this theory. Even with growing knowledge in the field, it was not until 1957 when the first Earth orbiter, the Soviets Sputnik 1, was sent into space and placed in orbit at an altitude of 1,370 miles and weighed 184 pounds. Later in that year, the Soviets sent Sputnik 2 into space with a dog named Laika. Laika was the first animal to venture into space. We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Then in 1985, the United States successfully sent their very own satellite into space. In 1960, the Soviets launched to dogs into space and successfully returned them to Earth. From this point started the space race. The space race was a challenge between the USSR and the United States to see who could land a man on the moon first. In 1961, the first man in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin who was in space for 60 minutes before returning to Earth in Vostok 1 and was sent by the USSR. Astronaut Shepard flew the first manned sub-orbital space-flight by the Americans. The first true American orbital flight was by John Glen and he stayed in space for five hours in Mercury 6 in 1962. Then in 1963, the USSR sent the first woman into space; her name was Valentina Tereshkova-Nikaleva. They also had the first person to take a space-walk in 1965. In 1968, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA tested the first Saturn 5 rocket, which would be used for the Apollo missions. The first manned Apollo missions and the first flight around the moon took place in 1968. Finally, on July 21, 1969, the United States placed the first man on the moon winning the space race. The challenge for mankind at present is placing a human on Mars. We have already sent probes on to Mars and roamed some of its terrain with the rover known as Sojourner. Sojourner was taken to Mars on NASAs Mars Pathfinder and was the first wheeled vehicle to operate on another planetary surface. The Mars pathfinder sent photographs, atmospheric measurements, and a few other important data that will contribute to taking a man to Mars. While pathfinder sent data, Sojourner examined rocks and soil samples with a camera and Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer, providing useful data on chemical compositions and radiation bounced back from rocks and dust. The mission finally ended when the Pathfinder stopped responding to commands from NASA. NASA has sent two other probes to Mars, but both malfunctioned and were destroyed on impact on the Martian surface. The US and a few other countries have joined together and are constructing the International Space Station or the ISS. The ISS is scheduled to be completed in 2004 and will be continuously occupied by up to seven crewmembers. The space station is envisioned to be a world-class research facility in which scientist can study Earth and space, as well as explore the medical effects of long durations of weightlessness in space and the behavior of materials in a weightlessness environment, and the practicality of space manufacturing techniques. Now, the future of Space Exploration Essay depends on many factors. Some of these factors are as followed: how much technology advances, how political forces change rivalries as well as partnerships with other nations, and how important space exploration is to the general public. .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .postImageUrl , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:hover , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:visited , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:active { border:0!important; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:active , .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u30a987f63aec3ff2042dcc70b44233cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Yellow Wallpaper Gender Roles Essay NASA is working on a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, but until it is until then, NASA plans to us the space shuttle fleet to the year 2012. . Space Exploration Essay Example For Students Space Exploration Essay Approaching the end of Apollo, my frustration often surfaced. No one in America seemed to care that we were giving up, surrendering the future of the next generation of young people with stars in their eyes. How I wished John F. Kennedy were still alive, challenging us to dare and to dream. I feel the same way today; the boldness and scope of his vision is not to be found today in our space program and in our nation. Entering the twenty-first century, we have an unimaginable array of technology and a generation of young Americans schooled in these technologies. With our powerful economy, we can do anything we set our mind to do. Yet we stand with our feet firmly planted on the ground when we could be exploring the universe. Three decades ago We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Americans placed six flags on the Moon. Today we no longer try for new and bold space achievements; instead we celebrate the anniversaries of the past. Our work is unfinished Gene Kranz, Failure Is Not An Option Theres a certain something about science which is part of its appeal to me and to many others. Call it a willingness to dream, if you will. Sometimes a dream may be amusing, as with the molecular creations (dodecahedrane, cubane, superphane, basketane, and of course buckminsterfullerene) described in Designing the Molecular World by Philip Ball. Sometimes a dream may be visionary and bold, as with the dream to finally understand the physics that underlies our world. Theres definitely something interesting about the fact that the fundamental particles of the universe can be drawn in a chart on a T-shirt, or that the equations behind classical electromagnetism can be scribbled on a scrap of paper. For some 400 years, scientists have dared to dream that they can understand and explore the universe, ever since Galileo peered into the night skies with a simple telescope. I read a large amount of books and magazines; in addition to the science books that fill my bookshelf, I subscribe to Scientific American and Discover and several other scientific magazines. They all are, in some way, connected with the dreams of science, whether it be the dreams of the past (scientific history) or dreams about the future of science. How excited I was when I saw the March 2000 issue of Scientific American, which at the top had the words Special Report: Sending Humans to Mars! How incredibly nifty. However, I was considerly less enthusiastic when I actually read the articles inside. In the article How to Go to Mars, George Musser and Mark Alpert mention, In all the proposals for sending humans to Mars, the crucial first step is launching the spacecraft into a low Earth orbit (200 to 500 kilometers up). The basic problem is that any manned craft using present-day propulsion technologies will need a huge supply of propellant to get to Mars and hence will be extremely heavy: at least 130 metric tons and possibly twice that much. Thats fine. No one ever said that attaining dreams was easy. But I was absolutely shocked when I looked at the chart on the following page. This chart is one of the most dismal and saddening things Ive ever seen. Its a horizontal bar chart divided into two parts: an upper one labeled Existing Launch Vehicles and a lower one labeled Proposed Launch Vehicles; the bars in each part are different colors to emphasize which vehicles currently exist and which are proposed. The horizontal scale reads Lift Capacity (metric tons to low Earth orbit) and goes from 0 to 100. Yes, thats rather distressing already. The existing launch vehicles, the Titan 4B and the Space Shuttle, we are told by this chart, can lift 22 and 23 metric tons, respectively. The proposed launch vehicles, the Delta 4 Heavy, the VentureStar, and the Magnum, can lift 23, 25, and 80 metric tons, respectively. The Magnums bar is obviously emphasized, being almost four times longer than the diminutive bars above it. Wow. 80 metric tons to low Earth orbit. The caption to the side, reads, Current launch vehicles cannot meet the needs of a human mission to Mars. .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .postImageUrl , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:hover , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:visited , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:active { border:0!important; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:active , .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807 .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2a118edecf65ebef5096ab2b42e9b807:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communist Manifesto Essay Paper Boosting a 130-ton Mars craft into low Earth . Space Exploration Essay Example For Students Space Exploration Essay On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of the Union addresses in the history of the United States. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth (http://www.cs.umb. edu/jfklibrary, President John F. Kennedys Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs). With those words, Kennedy launched a new era of Space Exploration Essay in the United States. Although the National Aeronautics And Space Administration was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (http://www.hq.nasa. gov, Key Documents), and the Russians already launched the first satellite into space in 1957, the US was still at a stand still on the subject. What the country needed was a wake-up call, and that is exactly what it got from one of the most celebrated speakers in its history. The new era promised much, but expected little. From USAs struggle to be the dominant world power in the Cold War Era, to the careless depletion of natural resources in the Information Age, space exploration and astronauts were and will be the real keys to the new millennium and beyond. Before looking into the future, or even evaluating the present, one must look in detail at the history of the space project. The missions that gave scientists and engineers the necessary data and experience to make new, safer, more reliable and intricate equipment were launched long before there was realistic talk of sending probes to Mars. We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The astronauts that helped shape the training programs, took the beatings of primitive flight tests, and died in order to serve their country were born before World War II. And even the Russian Space Program was crucial to what the space program is today. It fueled competition, and provided more resources for American engineers. Until Apollo 11, they were ahead of the Americans in almost everyway, with their launch of Sputnik, a unmanned satellite in 1957, and their countless firsts in orbiting and space walks. Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Although most of the missions that have been launched have been important in their own ways, some missions just stand out, whether it was the first step on the Moon, or the first mission to Mars. NASAs first high profile program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive in space. It was the prelude to the later missions, and it gave NASA the necessary data to build better, and more comfortable ships for humans to stay in space for extended periods of time. The first launch of the Mercury program was the LJ-1 on August 21, 1959. At thirty-five minutes before launch, evacuation of the area had been proceeding on schedule. Suddenly, half an hour before launch-time, an explosive flash occurred. When the smoke cleared it was evident that only the capsule-and-tower combination had been launched, on a trajectory similar to an off-the-pad abort (http://www. ksc.nasa.gov, Mercury: LJ-1). The first mildly successful spacecraft launch occurred September 9, 1959. Although the BJ-1 ship experienced some problems, and the timing on some of the separation procedures was off, the capsule made it back to earth some seven hours after lift-off. The capsule orbited the earth for approximately thirteen minutes (Mercury: BJ-1). Mercury mission MA-5 was the first to carry live organisms into sub-orbit. Although Enos a chimpanzee, was not a perfect substitute for a human, he served as a good test for the environmental controls of the capsule. He orbited the earth in total weightlessness for over three hours and upon landing was in perfect physical condition (Mercury: MA-5). On May 5, 1961, Freedom 7 was the first launch to carry humans into space. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .postImageUrl , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:hover , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:visited , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:active { border:0!important; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:active , .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfd38ada86fad34bc4a10ba248a0a7dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tuesdays With Morrie Essay was the only crewmember, and the successful mission lasted for over 15 minutes (Mercury: MR-3). More manned flights from the Mercury series followed, highlighted by the Friendship 7, where on February 20, 1962, John Glenn was the first American in actual orbit, and he orbited the earth three times for a little under five hours (Mercury: MA-6). The last mission from the Mercury project came on May 15, 1963, where L. Gordon Cooper was in orbit in the Faith 7 for over a day. Total weightless time was over thirty-four hours, and the mission was celebrated and deemed more than successful (Mercury: MA-9). Gemini missions followed which built on the success of the Mercury flights, and basically followed the same outlines, except with a crew . Space Exploration Essay Example For Students Space Exploration Essay People have been venturing out into the universe for many years now. In addition to satellites, both women and men astronauts have traveled into space to collect data about the universe. The first human being, the first animal, and the first spacecraft in orbit, were all achievements of the Soviet Union. In 1958 a group known as The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was founded. The first probe to escape Earths gravity was the Soviet LUNA 1, launched on Jan. 2, 1959. It passed the Moon and continued into interplanetary space. The U.S. probe Pioneer 4, launched two months later, followed the same path. Later Soviet probes either hit the Moon or passed it and took photographs of the hidden far side, relaying them back to Earth. The first man to travel to space was Yuri Gagarin. History was made on April 12, 1961, when he successfully orbited the earth in the Votsok 1. His flight lasted one hour and 48 minutes and as he circled the earth, his speed was about 17,000 mph on the Votsok 1. Following this mission, Gagarin was killed in a test airplane crash . Neil Armstrong was the first person to ever land on the moon. Born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, he graduated from college in 1955 and joined the NASA team. We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1962, he became the first civilian to enter into an astronaut training program. In 1969, Armstrong headed the Apollo 11 mission, becoing the first human being to set foot on the moon. Other astronauts the accompanied Armstrong on this mission were Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins. In 1971, Armstrong became a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati. Valentina Vladimora Nikolayeva Tereshkova was the first woman to enter into space. She joined a Soviet training program in the year 1961 and two years later she successfully orbited the earth 48 times in the Votsok 6. The Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. It was an aluminum sphere, 58 cm (23 in) in diameter, weighing 83 kg (184 lb). Its orbited around the earth lasted 96.2 minutes. At the end of 57 days the satellite returned to earths atmosphere and was destroyed by aerodynamic frictional heat. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were both spacecrafts that were launched to Jupiter. Voyager 2 was launched on August 20, 1977, and Voyager 1 was launched 2 weeks later on September 5, 1977. Voyager 1 made it to Jupiter before Voyager 2 because it took a shorter and quicker route. Photos Voyager 1 and 2 took proved a couple of new facts about Jupiter. One of them is that Jupiter has a ring around it, and also that Jupiters moon has a giant active volcano that spits out sulfur compounds. The moons around Jupiter were found to be icy, rocky balls, with fractures and craters. When Voyager 1 and 2 were heading back they got a few pictures of Saturns rings. These pictures proved that instread of the 3 or 4 rings that were orginally thought to be around Saturn, there are actually thousands of concentric ringlets. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, also known as NEAR, is a spaceship whose mission it is to explore an asteroid called Eros. The journey time to Eros is approximately 35 months and the cost for launching and building is $122 million. Four years of this operation will cost $40 million. Eros was picked for a couple of reasons and one of them was that it might help solve the mystery of why most meteorites do not resemble their bigger brothers in space. In the years to come, NASA will continue to launch new satellites and explore the great unknown. Some of these satellites will be so big that theyll have to be assembled in outer space. There is still lots more to discover. . Space Exploration Essay Example For Students Space Exploration Essay On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of the Union addresses in the history of the United States. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth (http://www.cs.umb. edu/jfklibrary, President John F. Kennedys Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National We will write a custom essay on Space Exploration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Needs). With those words, Kennedy launched a new era of Space Exploration Essay in the United States. Although the National Aeronautics And Space Administration was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (http://www.hq.nasa. gov, Key Documents), and the Russians already launched the first satellite into space in 1957, the US was still at a stand still on the subject. What the country needed was a wake-up call, and that is exactly what it got from one of the most celebrated speakers in its history. The new era promised much, but expected little. From USAs struggle to be the dominant world power in the Cold War Era, to the careless depletion of natural resources in the Information Age, space exploration and astronauts were and will be the real keys to the new millennium and beyond. Before looking into the future, or even evaluating the present, one must look in detail at the history of the space project. The missions that gave scientists and engineers the necessary data and experience to make new, safer, more reliable and intricate equipment were launched long before there was realistic talk of sending probes to Mars. The astronauts that helped shape the training programs, took the beatings of primitive flight tests, and died in order to serve their country were born before World War II. And even the Russian Space Program was crucial to what the space program is today. It fueled competition, and provided more resources for American engineers. Until Apollo 11, they were ahead of the Americans in almost everyway, with their launch of Sputnik, a unmanned satellite in 1957, and their countless firsts in orbiting and space walks. Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Although most of the missions that have been launched have been important in their own ways, some missions just stand out, whether it was the first step on the Moon, or the first mission to Mars. NASAs first high profile program was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive in space. It was the prelude to the later missions, and it gave NASA the necessary data to build better, and more comfortable ships for humans to stay in space for extended periods of time. The first launch of the Mercury program was the LJ-1 on August 21, 1959. At thirty-five minutes before launch, evacuation of the area had been proceeding on schedule. Suddenly, half an hour before launch-time, an explosive flash occurred. When the smoke cleared it was evident that only the capsule-and-tower combination had been launched, on a trajectory similar to an off-the-pad abort (http://www. ksc.nasa.gov, Mercury: LJ-1). The first mildly successful spacecraft launch occurred September 9, 1959. Although the BJ-1 ship experienced some problems, and the timing on some of the separation procedures was off, the capsule made it back to earth some seven hours after lift-off. The capsule orbited the earth for approximately thirteen minutes (Mercury: BJ-1). Mercury mission MA-5 was the first to carry live organisms into sub-orbit. Although Enos a chimpanzee, was not a perfect substitute for a human, he served as a good test for the environmental controls of the capsule. He orbited the earth in total weightlessness for over three hours and upon landing was in perfect physical condition (Mercury: MA-5). On May 5, 1961, Freedom 7 was the first launch to carry humans into space. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .postImageUrl , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:hover , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:visited , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:active { border:0!important; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:active , .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412 .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2cca7caf3eb94925a9a958723da2b412:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lost Boy Essay was the only crewmember, and the successful mission lasted for over 15 minutes (Mercury: MR-3). More manned flights from the Mercury series followed, highlighted by the Friendship 7, where on February 20, 1962, John Glenn was the first American in actual orbit, and he orbited the earth three times for a little under five hours (Mercury: MA-6). The last mission from the Mercury project came on May 15, 1963, where L. Gordon Cooper was in orbit in the Faith 7 for over a day. Total weightless time was over thirty-four hours, and the mission was celebrated and deemed more than successful (Mercury: MA-9). Gemini missions followed which built on the success of the Mercury flights, and basically followed the same outlines, except with a crew .

Marketing Orientation Essays

Marketing Orientation Essays Marketing Orientation Paper Marketing Orientation Paper Essay Topic: Marketing This assignment is to show what is meant by marketing orientation. I will also give examples of marketing oriented companies. According to Wikipedia.org marketing oriented firm (marketing orientation) is one that allows the needs and wants of customers and possible customers to push all the firms long-term crucial decisions. The firms corporate culture is systematically committed to creating customer value. Marketing orientation is one of different types of business orientations. It is superior to other forms of business thinking. To understand why marketing orientation is to be the best way of business approach, it is crucial to know how lower levels of business orientations have developed since the 19th century. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Production orientation In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the primary purpose of all business and industrial activity was thought to be production. Firms concentrated on improving production efficiency in an attempt to bring down the costs. Generally, companies produced whatever they could produce well, expecting effective demand for their goods and services to present itself automatically. An understanding of customers requirements was of secondary importance. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) The economic recession in the 1920s and 1930s brought business to the point where warehouses were full of unsold goods. Thousands of bankrupt businesses occurred. That made business people to concentrate their minds on finding out how to improve their sales volume. (Wikipedia.org 2001) Sales orientation Gradually business people understood and appreciated that in order to make profit it was something more than just to produce goods. The goods also had to be sold. The sales concept stated that effective demand had to be created through the art of persuasion using sales techniques. The sales department was thought to hold the key to the firms prosperity and survival. Scant attention was paid to the genuine needs and requirements of the final consumer, but at least it was understood that goods and services did not necessarily sell themselves. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Marketing oriented The concept of marketing orientation was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s at Harvard University. It replaced the previous sales orientation that was prevalent between the mid 1950s and the early 1970s (Wikipedia.org 2001) The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets (customers) and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. (Kotler et al. 2005) Peter Drucker stated: Because the purpose of business is to create and keep customers, it has only two central functions- marketing and innovation. The basic function of marketing is to attract and retain customers at a profit (Jobber 2004) It is true because firm which does not keep developing its products and services is likely to start loosing customers (and profit as well) for its competitors or even struggle to keep its position on that particular market place. How customers needs and wants can be recognized? Marketing uses its tools to achieve that. Firstly, the market needs researching to acquire information with helping management team to make best decisions on (marketing mix): which product to make or modify; what type of communication with customers to choose in order to give them the most clarified view on the product (promotion, exhibition, advertising, personal selling, sponsorship); price research to better establish the price of product or service in the market place; corporate plan to better allocate duties and responsibilities through single company units; distribution research to effectively monitor different types of distribution channels and detect any regional variation; Secondly, from the total market of product or service is being broken into distinct subgroups or segments. Each segment may conceivably represent a distinct target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, Place). (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) How does marketing communication build and maintain strong brand? The challenge for a lot of companies nowadays is to adapt their traditional functions and operations to the new world. They have to integrate marketing. Today, it is important to build a relationship with the customers. This is the key to finding, developing and having loyal customers, so marketing communication has got an important role. Global organisations have to organize around customers and prospects. They do not only have to organize their operations and activities around products and services. Customers have more influence than ever before. They have access to more products, channels to buy and they have more sources of information. Companies have to communicate about their products or services because of the competition. Brands have to be unique and be different to the others to maintain a competitive advantage over the increasing competition. It is important to inform people about the new products, the change of them, the politics of the company. Examples of successful marketing oriented firms and products Nokia is winning the phone war. The company started its business near Nokia River in Finland in 1865 as a timber business. It was for decades a solid, industrial company, selling even until the 1970s products ranging from toilet paper to rubber boots. It bought into the telephones business some 30 years ago to gain a slice of the promising technology markets, and follow the then fashionable trend for diversification. A decade later, after Ericsson installed a cellular network, Nokia, as an expert in radio telephones, stepped in to provide handsets. And when the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s deprived Nokias traditional operations of important customers, the firm looked to its promising mobile phone unit for redemption. The strategy worked. In 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the worlds biggest manufacturer of mobile phones and could be reasonably described as the Abba of Finland, accounting for one fifth of the countrys exports. (BBC.co.uk 2001) What made Nokia to had its 35% market share in 2001 is that they develop and manufacture their phones with user friendly simplicity, keeping the design on the top trendy fashions. For its awards winning products all over the business world is also responsible great knowledge how to use the marketing tools. These are Pull versus Push Strategies- by increasing its brand loyalty in past few years, Nokia has become more of a pull brand. Customers have started going to Nokia showrooms and asking for latest handsets. Nokias communication strategy is planned as the sole activity of media-mix, structured by offline, online and below the line programs. Nokias marketing plan is mainly based on two essential elements: the rank of products and the needs of customers, belonging to the same category. (Nitin Kochhar, 2006) In summary Nokia with its management decisions is now successfully providing market with third generation mobile phones, not forgetting to intensively develop and implement new technologies. That makes firm to keep their customers satisfied at all times. Unilever was arguably the worlds first packaged goods manufacturer, and is still one of its biggest companies. Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere is how the group describes itself. It is the world number 1 in personal wash, prestige fragrances and deodorants, with brands including Dove, Omo and Axe/Lynx. Following a series of high-profile acquisitions, including US-based Bestfoods, Unilevers foods business is the worlds third largest after Nestle and Kraft. It is a global leader in culinary foods, ice cream, margarine and tea-based beverages. Brands include Knorr, Lipton and Magnum. Vitality is at the heart of Unilever. Our mission is to meet everyday needs for nutrition, home hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. And every day, around the world, 150 million people in over 150 countries choose our products for the vitality benefits they bring. (www.unilever.co.uk 2006) Dove is one of the fastest-growing products on the market. Silvia Lagnado, group vice-president at London-based Unilever: Unilever is a strongly marketing-oriented company. When I ran the Dove brand for Unilever, we developed a vision that had to do with helping women feel beautiful. Core to our vision was widening the definition of feminine beauty and challenging stereotypes about what beauty looks like. We wanted to position the Dove brand as a way to help women feel greater self-esteem and appreciate the diversity of beauty. We spent a lot of time and effort on research and on talking with sociologists about girls and womens body image. (www.marketingprofs.com 2006) Packard Bell For over a decade Packard Bell has been striving to bring the advantages of technology to life for its millions of customers worldwide. Packard Bell pioneered the use of the PC in the home, taking an unfriendly but useful office tool and turning it into a friendly, indispensable feature of todays modern home. Today it is bringing its experience to bear on the home electronics market, and setting precedents in the process. Today Packard Bell is number three in the European PC consumer market (all form factors) and in the top three in the regions main markets, including the UK, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. Packard Bells business model is built on optimising each step of the value chain. Its closeness to the market space enables it to anticipate customer needs, design appealing products, manage complexity and integrate services and products. Its supply chain and manufacturing base means Packard Bells can bring the right products to market quickly at the right price. The success of the Packard Bell brand has always depended on their ability to stay in tune and in touch with their customers, its unique relationship with Europes leading retailers makes it possible for customers to buy a trusted brand conveniently from a store they trust. (www.packardbell.com 2006) Example of unsuccessful marketing oriented company British Gas has around 11m gas customers and 6m electricity customers and is the largest domestic energy supplier in the UK. The Academy of Customer Excellence was created in 2004 to bring together each of our site based customer service training teams into one. Customer service is a key differentiator within the competitive market place that we are a part of and this new academy is helping us to perform in this environment by supporting our drive to put the customer at the heart of everything we do. ( www.britishgasnews.co.uk 2006) British Gas generates more complaints from householders than all the other domestic suppliers put together, according to new figures. Energywatch received more than 15,400 complaints about British Gas in the six months to September! That figure has more than doubled compared to the same time last year, the gas and electricity watchdog said. By contrast, energywatch received fewer customer complaints about the five other major domestic energy suppliers over the same period. Inaccurate billing is the biggest problem for British Gas customers, energywatch said. A lack of response to customer enquiries was another source of complaints from British Gas customers. Energywatch has contacted the energy regulator Ofgem outlining its concerns about British Gas. (www.thisislondon.co.uk 2006) Some opinions people say about British Gas customer service that it has rude staff- very unhelpful, unreliable, give false information as do not really know what to say, untrained, do not communicate with each other. It is lower than incompetent, it is dishonest and does not care one bit about its customers. In conclusion, no company that treats its customers this badly should be in business. Even my family and I have a bad experience with this firm. Once we moved to our new house and rang them up for arranging delivery of gas meter card (top-up card) they left us without any answer for four weeks. After four weeks waiting for delivery I rang them up once again to ask when was my card sent and they did not know what I was talking about! Same day I switched my energy supplier to one of their competing company. Conclusion Todays world of business is very differentiated by the meaning of its markets and customers. Nevertheless, every consumer expects highest quality products and services, designed and delivered every time it is demanded by him. If there is company not realizing this simple need, because non-marketing orientation, there will be dozens more other firms instantly competing to cover its place on the market. Future of innovation and well-being of companies is in hands of their exacting customers.

Starting a website with no fuss. Read all about it here

Starting a website with no fuss. Read all about it here How to start a website in 20 minutes Sometimes when we hear the word website most people take to their heels as they always imagine it must be something very complex. Well allow us to quickly show you how you can get your own website up working in no time and you do not need a web developer or designer for this. So you know just about anybody can start their own website. 5 reasons to start a website 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boost your CV and boost your professional presence. 2.  Ã‚   If your reason for creating a website is to make money then you are on the right path. 3.  Ã‚   Presents you with more freedom and allows you to work from just about anywhere. 4.  Ã‚   Very easy and affordable. WordPress WordPress is a free Content Management System (CMS) that lets anyone create, design, write and manage their own website. Do not think just because of its free cost then it's not the real deal. Well so you know CNN, NASA all are using WordPress. Statistically, WordPress platform manages over 25% of all website present today. One more thing it is really beginner friendly. WordPress needs to be installed on a web host and in this article; we will be using Bluehost which is very easy to run. The cost of using Bluehost is very minimal. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choose and register a domain name The first thing you need to do is get a domain name. This is usually what people type on their browser to find your website. For example, savethestudent.org is a domain name. With a domain name, everyone who wants to check your website out can easily find it. We have different domain name extensions, .com, .net, .info, .org. We have special service providers that could easily get you any domain name for a low-cost if such name is available. Note sometimes you have to make multiple changes to a choice of name because you are just one person in a million trying to get a domain name registered. So if your name is not available all you need to do is make a twitch by adding a number (1†¦..) or a character (-) or you can try a different extension (.info). A little twitch to the name can be beneficial. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setup website hosting As mentioned earlier every website needs to be hosted. Do not be scared when you hear these names. Think of a web host as the house accommodating all websites. When any visitor types your domain name it’s the job of the web host to serve your website to be seen. There are loads of web hosting services out there but for the purpose of beginners, we suggest you use Bluehost.   6 main reasons for choosing Bluehost 1. it’s not expensive (from $2.95pm) 2. Trustworthy (99.9% uptime) 3. Free domain name, email addresses 1-click WordPress install 4. Very cool and effective support and guides. 5. 30-day full refund policy if services granted are not satisfactory. 6. WordPress recommended. Usually to get a good price you need to pay for about a year or more and this will result in you paying just a little fraction. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Installing WordPress on Bluehost So now after the two steps above you already have an online presence but to have your website looking as it should be you need to download WordPress. Now you can add content and create your own design. There is no need for any formal education to be able to use this platform. Most of the tools you will need are already available to you inside. All you have to do is use what you want. Technically your online presence is secured at this stage, but if anyone goes over to your site, there won't be much to see! That won't be for long though†¦ you're about to install WordPress which allows you to easily manage your whole site, including content and design, without any technical background or coding experience. WordPress which was formally designed for blogs but now millions of websites use it with some very big names like CNN and MTV. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choose your WordPress theme If someone visits your website at this stage it still looks too basic and empty. So, it’s time to do some work. First, you change the theme of your website. This going to be the first page every visitor sees when they arrive on your page. There are loads of themes available for you to choose from. Get to the Admin panel click on Appearance Theme. After you see what you like you can first preview it to see how it looks or go ahead and install to apply the Theme. Adding contents is quite easy, click on â€Å"Posts" "Add New" will open up the editor window, which looks just like the typical word processor. As soon as you get some articles published on your website there can be an endless flow of audience to your website and this brings us to the one important thing to know. You need traffic and by this we mean people visiting your website. Of course, you now have a functioning website but what use will it be if no one visits it. With Face book, Twitter and other social platforms it’s quite easy to drive traffic to your website page.

Contemporary Media Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Contemporary Media Practices - Essay Example On the other hand, media intervenes into the interactions of institutions through telecommunications media, which allow individuals to connect remotely. Furthermore, the media intervenes into the interactions of people in the wider society by disseminating and recording information regarding crucial events that are important to the community. Evidently, the media intervenes into social interaction in different ways, depending on the concrete features of the medium involved; these include the physical and practical aspects, as well as the social and visual merits of the medium in question. The media has made it possible for people to interact across vast distances without having to travel physically to meet up with one another or having to be at the same venue concurrently; there is a great difference between mediated interaction (through media) and non-mediated interaction (face-to-face). This marked difference clearly illustrates the manner in which media transforms social interactions; for instance, all the parties involved in face-to-face communications are exposed to both the verbal and non-verbal cues. However, this is not the case with mass media such as newspapers, radio and television whose recipients are often indefinite; on the other side of the spectrum, a telephone conversation between two individuals is a mediated interaction between known individuals. Nevertheless, mediated conversation is not necessarily more or less the non-mediated interaction in face-to-face interaction; in fact, only difference is that the situation that mediated interaction occurs in inevitably transforms the way the individuals interact. Unlike in non-mediated face-to-face communication, media has such an incredible capacity to extend interaction both in time and in space; media permits individuals to be in permanent connection all over the world, regardless of their physical isolation. Granted that mediated interaction does not require

Islamic Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Rules - Essay Example There are two major sources of this law in the religion of Islam. The first source is the Quran where there are laws that are indicated therein, that govern individuals in the religion of Islam. The second example is an example set by Prophet Muhammad in Sunnah. The sharia law has official status where leaders have different responsibilities basing on their positions of leadership. Shariah has been divided into five main branches which are: Crime and chastisement Economic system Family relations External relations and other relations as well. Bequest and disposal of possessions. There are various rules and regulations that are supposed to be followed by the Muslims in which if not. They are punishable by this same law. This gives a clear impression that they have to do what is expected of them at the right time, place and with the right people. This is to make certain that they show respect to their God just like other religions do. In the contemporary society, Muslims stick to their law making sure that they follow all the rule and regulations to avoid breaking the law. Generally in the Islam religion, there are five major pillars of rules and regulations that all of them are supposed to adhere to no matter what position of leadership they have in their religious hierarchy. All Muslims are following the five pillars because these pillars are the most important parts in Islam religion. According to Islam 101 â€Å"The 'Five Pillars' of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life. The five pillars include: Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet hood of Muhammad Establishment of the daily prayers Concern for and almsgiving to the needy Self-purification through fasting The pilgrimage to Makah and this is especially for those who are able. In other words, the five pillars involve declaring that Allah is GOD and Mohammad is GOD’s messenger, doing prayers on time, alms â€Å"Zakat† giving poor Muslims food, money and so on f or Muslims who are able to do the Zakat, fasting Ramadan, and doing pilgrimage â€Å"Hajj† for Muslims who can do the Hajj. It is strongly believed that if there is any Muslim doesn’t do these five pillars, he or she will not go to heaven unless Allah forgives them since Allah is the source of forgiveness for them. This essay seeks to explain how these laws are implemented in the contemporary Islam religion. Since there are many rules and regulations to be followed, this essay will major on the economic laws, marriage laws and the dress codes. These are the three issues that this essay will cover, explaining how these laws are implemented in the contemporary society, in the Islam religion. Looking at the first issue of discussion under the sharia law which is economics law, there are various rules and regulations that govern the Muslim religion for them to live as expected and carry out activities that are able to make the economy better than how it is. All Muslims who are living in situations that are above the subsistence level must pay alms. These alms are referred to as zakat and they are paid annually. Paying of alms is not a charitable activity carried out by the Muslims rather it is an obligation Muslims in comfortable living conditions are supposed to help those who are living under the poverty line so that they can also live better lives like other people in the society. The amount of alms to be paid by the wealthy Muslims is calculated basing on the

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay Example for Free

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

cloning Essay -- essays research papers

Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned... cloning Essay -- essays research papers Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned... cloning Essay -- essays research papers Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned...

Examine the problems some sociologists may face when using different kinds Essay

?Examine the problems some sociologists may face when using different kinds of experiments in their research (20 Marks) To have control over variables and the environment they are researching, sociologists often use laboratory experiments in research. Lab experiments are used to test a hypothesis in a controlled environment, by altering an independent variable to see the dependant variable being tested changes. Positivists favour this method of research as it is a more scientific approach to research, which aims to identify correlations and patterns in behaviour whilst gathering quantitative data. Carrying out such experiments can cause practical issues for sociologists. One of the main practical issues is that the effect of society on people’s behaviour is very complex, and it is very difficult for researcher’s using lab experiments to identify and control all the variables that may have an influence on behaviour. It would be impossible for a sociologist to research all the influencing factors in a lab experiment, as this is far too complex to carry out in one controlled environment. Furthermore, lab experiments usually involve the study of a small sample as it would not be possible to study a large group of individuals in a controlled laboratory, unless you had a lot of time and this could become costly. This makes it difficult to research large scale social issues that affect behaviour and may also reduce the representativeness of research carried out. For example, Stanley Milgram carried out research on obedience to an authorative figure. He wanted to investigate whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II. To do so he studied 40 Americans all of whom were male. This is a small scale sample which only represents males and is ethnocentric to American males; therefore it would be difficult to generalise findings to the wider population and other countries. The unnatural settings of a lab experiment means the participants are aware of the experiment taking place. This creates what is called the ‘hawthorne effect’ where the behaviour the participants changes in response to the artificial surrounding and the fact they know they are being studied. As a result this reduces the validity of the results as the participants are not behaving in true-to-life ways and this would not provide a true account of the behaviour being researched. Interpretivists argue that the unnatural setting and low validity means that sociologists cannot gain verstehen, an empathetic understanding of the world from the viewpoint of those being studied. Furthermore, there are ethical issues when conducting experiments on human beings. As a general rule, researchers must gain the informed consent from the research participants. However, when researching child participants or people with learning difficulties it may be difficult to gain informed consent as they would not full understand what they are consenting to

DBQ 2. Reporter Paine. Reconciliation with Britain. Declaration.

DBQ’s – Questions and AnswersDocument 1 Why did Whately (and probably most other English officials) feel that the American colonists should be willing to pay higher taxes to Parliament? Whately felt that American Colonists should contribute to the preservation of the advantages they have received.Document 2 According to Dickinson, what taxes was Parliament justified in imposing on the colonies? According to Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. Why did he object to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts? Dickinson objected to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts because he did not have the authority to levy taxes.Document 3 How does the engraving tell a different story from the above description of the Boston Massacre? The engraving was a anti-British propaganda. Where do you suppose the term â€Å"massacre† to describe this event came from? This event is described as the term â€Å"massacre† because the Boston boys w ere taunted and cursed by the mean British soldiers.Document 4 Who did Cresswell blame for the growing antagonism between the British and the American colonists? Cresswell blamed New England for the growing antagonism between the British and the American Colonists.Document 5 Why, according to this document, were the Americans justified in fighting the British? According to this document, Americans defended themselves against British tyranny. Since the Parliament’s claim was that it had authority over the colonies â€Å"in all cases whatsoever†, the Americans felt threatened and had to resist by force.Document 6 Why was Paine unwilling to be reconciled with Britain? Paine was unwilling to be reconciled with Britain because it brought war into the land. Was Paine an objective and unbiased reporter? Explain. Paine was not an objective and unbiased reported because he was going against the king.Document 7 How does this document describe King George? This document describes King George as a tyrant. Was the Declaration an objective and unbiased statement of the American-British conflict? Explain. The Declaration was not objective and unbiased statement of the American-British conflict because it was on the American side.Essay 763 marked the end of French and Indian war and caused a great celebration and pride in the American colonies. But, in next twelve years, the same pride was altered by at bitter and violent conflict with the mother country. The injustices of the mother country finally led the American colonists to declare independence and wage war against it. American colonies were justified for waging war and breaking away from Britain because they were defending themselves against a series of measures Parliament wished to impose on their communities without their consent.In Thomas Whately’s pamphlet â€Å"Considerations† he expressed Britain’s view of taxation. The British felt that the colonists should pay higher taxes beca use they owe them for the help they received in the French and Indian War. Britain imposed new tax acts such as the Stamp Acts and the Sugar acts. However, the colonists felt threatened by these new rules (Doc1). Parliament imposed the Townshend Act, which raised taxes on imported goods. According to John Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. Never did the British parliament, [until the passage of the Stamp Act] think of imposing duties in America for the purpose of raising a revenue† (Doc2). Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to convince the common people to support independence. His main idea was that Britain wants America for its resources. He also believed that Britain was too small to rule a continent, and that Britain was willing to kill its own people (OI). Paine was unwilling to be reconciled with Britain because it brought war into the land.He was not an objective and unbiased reporter because he was going against the king (Doc6). After all the big American-British conflict, the Americans finally gained their independence. They signed the Declaration of Independence adopted by The Continental Congress of July 4 1776. This document was objective and unbiased because it took the American side. It also mentioned King George – â€Å"the history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations [unlawful seizures], all having in direct objest the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States† (Doc7).

Process Essay Essays

Process Essay Essays Process Essay Essay Process Essay Essay Process Essay Name: Institution: Process Essay Many people like going enjoy the outdoors, especially going for camps with their friends and families. While some have gained much experience from the camping trips they went to when they were younger, others have a bad experience because they are at a loss of what to do to take care of themselves. One of the most important activities that a person does when camping is making a fire. Some people have a difficult time trying to build a fire. They spend a long time trying to make the wood burn, and the whole area ends up filled with smoke. This negative experience can make some people hate camping. When making a campfire, a person should maintain high safety standards by controlling the fire and ensuring that he extinguishes it before leaving the area. Campfire is necessary for different purposes. Other than making food, it also helps people to keep warm. People tell stories around the campfire, and it helps to deter some unwanted visitors such as some animals away from the camp. There fore, it is essential to learn how to make a good campfire. Materials: Dry wood Kindling, this can include small twigs and branches Lighter/matches Tinder, which can include dry grass, paper, parts of plants such as tree barks and leaves Rocks Water Process: A person should ensure first that he or she makes the fire in an area where the earth is bare. The area should not have any dry grass or plants on it, and it should be far from any other vegetation such as trees A person begins by making a fire ring, which involves surrounding the area where he or she intends to build the fire with rocks Place the tinder at the center of the fire ring Use the lighter or match to ignite the tinder Add more tinder in the process, as it burns fast Add small pieces of the kindling to the tinder gradually, ensuring that it burns A person should continue increasing the kindling in the fire while ensuring that there is enough space for air Once the kindling has lighted nicely, add the dry wood fuel, one piece at a time, while ensuring that there is enough space between the pieces of woods to enable the passage of air Lay the pieces of wood in the fire in a way that they crisscross Points to Note: A person may need to blow at the base of the fire in case the fire goes out One should add the wood fuel only according to the size of the fire needed. Few pieces of wood will do if the person needs the fire for a short period Making the fire ring is essential because it helps to keep the fire under control Wet wood, kindling, and tinder will not light well A person should ensure that he does not build the fire near the tents A person should arrange the kindling and wood in such a way that there is enough space for air passage. This ensures that there is enough oxygen to keep the fire going A person should put out the fire once he is done with it by sprinkling water on the coals