Marketing Orientation Essays

Marketing Orientation Essays Marketing Orientation Paper Marketing Orientation Paper Essay Topic: Marketing This assignment is to show what is meant by marketing orientation. I will also give examples of marketing oriented companies. According to Wikipedia.org marketing oriented firm (marketing orientation) is one that allows the needs and wants of customers and possible customers to push all the firms long-term crucial decisions. The firms corporate culture is systematically committed to creating customer value. Marketing orientation is one of different types of business orientations. It is superior to other forms of business thinking. To understand why marketing orientation is to be the best way of business approach, it is crucial to know how lower levels of business orientations have developed since the 19th century. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Production orientation In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the primary purpose of all business and industrial activity was thought to be production. Firms concentrated on improving production efficiency in an attempt to bring down the costs. Generally, companies produced whatever they could produce well, expecting effective demand for their goods and services to present itself automatically. An understanding of customers requirements was of secondary importance. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) The economic recession in the 1920s and 1930s brought business to the point where warehouses were full of unsold goods. Thousands of bankrupt businesses occurred. That made business people to concentrate their minds on finding out how to improve their sales volume. (Wikipedia.org 2001) Sales orientation Gradually business people understood and appreciated that in order to make profit it was something more than just to produce goods. The goods also had to be sold. The sales concept stated that effective demand had to be created through the art of persuasion using sales techniques. The sales department was thought to hold the key to the firms prosperity and survival. Scant attention was paid to the genuine needs and requirements of the final consumer, but at least it was understood that goods and services did not necessarily sell themselves. (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) Marketing oriented The concept of marketing orientation was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s at Harvard University. It replaced the previous sales orientation that was prevalent between the mid 1950s and the early 1970s (Wikipedia.org 2001) The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets (customers) and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. (Kotler et al. 2005) Peter Drucker stated: Because the purpose of business is to create and keep customers, it has only two central functions- marketing and innovation. The basic function of marketing is to attract and retain customers at a profit (Jobber 2004) It is true because firm which does not keep developing its products and services is likely to start loosing customers (and profit as well) for its competitors or even struggle to keep its position on that particular market place. How customers needs and wants can be recognized? Marketing uses its tools to achieve that. Firstly, the market needs researching to acquire information with helping management team to make best decisions on (marketing mix): which product to make or modify; what type of communication with customers to choose in order to give them the most clarified view on the product (promotion, exhibition, advertising, personal selling, sponsorship); price research to better establish the price of product or service in the market place; corporate plan to better allocate duties and responsibilities through single company units; distribution research to effectively monitor different types of distribution channels and detect any regional variation; Secondly, from the total market of product or service is being broken into distinct subgroups or segments. Each segment may conceivably represent a distinct target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, Place). (Lancaster and Reynolds 1995) How does marketing communication build and maintain strong brand? The challenge for a lot of companies nowadays is to adapt their traditional functions and operations to the new world. They have to integrate marketing. Today, it is important to build a relationship with the customers. This is the key to finding, developing and having loyal customers, so marketing communication has got an important role. Global organisations have to organize around customers and prospects. They do not only have to organize their operations and activities around products and services. Customers have more influence than ever before. They have access to more products, channels to buy and they have more sources of information. Companies have to communicate about their products or services because of the competition. Brands have to be unique and be different to the others to maintain a competitive advantage over the increasing competition. It is important to inform people about the new products, the change of them, the politics of the company. Examples of successful marketing oriented firms and products Nokia is winning the phone war. The company started its business near Nokia River in Finland in 1865 as a timber business. It was for decades a solid, industrial company, selling even until the 1970s products ranging from toilet paper to rubber boots. It bought into the telephones business some 30 years ago to gain a slice of the promising technology markets, and follow the then fashionable trend for diversification. A decade later, after Ericsson installed a cellular network, Nokia, as an expert in radio telephones, stepped in to provide handsets. And when the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s deprived Nokias traditional operations of important customers, the firm looked to its promising mobile phone unit for redemption. The strategy worked. In 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the worlds biggest manufacturer of mobile phones and could be reasonably described as the Abba of Finland, accounting for one fifth of the countrys exports. (BBC.co.uk 2001) What made Nokia to had its 35% market share in 2001 is that they develop and manufacture their phones with user friendly simplicity, keeping the design on the top trendy fashions. For its awards winning products all over the business world is also responsible great knowledge how to use the marketing tools. These are Pull versus Push Strategies- by increasing its brand loyalty in past few years, Nokia has become more of a pull brand. Customers have started going to Nokia showrooms and asking for latest handsets. Nokias communication strategy is planned as the sole activity of media-mix, structured by offline, online and below the line programs. Nokias marketing plan is mainly based on two essential elements: the rank of products and the needs of customers, belonging to the same category. (Nitin Kochhar, 2006) In summary Nokia with its management decisions is now successfully providing market with third generation mobile phones, not forgetting to intensively develop and implement new technologies. That makes firm to keep their customers satisfied at all times. Unilever was arguably the worlds first packaged goods manufacturer, and is still one of its biggest companies. Meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere is how the group describes itself. It is the world number 1 in personal wash, prestige fragrances and deodorants, with brands including Dove, Omo and Axe/Lynx. Following a series of high-profile acquisitions, including US-based Bestfoods, Unilevers foods business is the worlds third largest after Nestle and Kraft. It is a global leader in culinary foods, ice cream, margarine and tea-based beverages. Brands include Knorr, Lipton and Magnum. Vitality is at the heart of Unilever. Our mission is to meet everyday needs for nutrition, home hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. And every day, around the world, 150 million people in over 150 countries choose our products for the vitality benefits they bring. (www.unilever.co.uk 2006) Dove is one of the fastest-growing products on the market. Silvia Lagnado, group vice-president at London-based Unilever: Unilever is a strongly marketing-oriented company. When I ran the Dove brand for Unilever, we developed a vision that had to do with helping women feel beautiful. Core to our vision was widening the definition of feminine beauty and challenging stereotypes about what beauty looks like. We wanted to position the Dove brand as a way to help women feel greater self-esteem and appreciate the diversity of beauty. We spent a lot of time and effort on research and on talking with sociologists about girls and womens body image. (www.marketingprofs.com 2006) Packard Bell For over a decade Packard Bell has been striving to bring the advantages of technology to life for its millions of customers worldwide. Packard Bell pioneered the use of the PC in the home, taking an unfriendly but useful office tool and turning it into a friendly, indispensable feature of todays modern home. Today it is bringing its experience to bear on the home electronics market, and setting precedents in the process. Today Packard Bell is number three in the European PC consumer market (all form factors) and in the top three in the regions main markets, including the UK, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. Packard Bells business model is built on optimising each step of the value chain. Its closeness to the market space enables it to anticipate customer needs, design appealing products, manage complexity and integrate services and products. Its supply chain and manufacturing base means Packard Bells can bring the right products to market quickly at the right price. The success of the Packard Bell brand has always depended on their ability to stay in tune and in touch with their customers, its unique relationship with Europes leading retailers makes it possible for customers to buy a trusted brand conveniently from a store they trust. (www.packardbell.com 2006) Example of unsuccessful marketing oriented company British Gas has around 11m gas customers and 6m electricity customers and is the largest domestic energy supplier in the UK. The Academy of Customer Excellence was created in 2004 to bring together each of our site based customer service training teams into one. Customer service is a key differentiator within the competitive market place that we are a part of and this new academy is helping us to perform in this environment by supporting our drive to put the customer at the heart of everything we do. ( www.britishgasnews.co.uk 2006) British Gas generates more complaints from householders than all the other domestic suppliers put together, according to new figures. Energywatch received more than 15,400 complaints about British Gas in the six months to September! That figure has more than doubled compared to the same time last year, the gas and electricity watchdog said. By contrast, energywatch received fewer customer complaints about the five other major domestic energy suppliers over the same period. Inaccurate billing is the biggest problem for British Gas customers, energywatch said. A lack of response to customer enquiries was another source of complaints from British Gas customers. Energywatch has contacted the energy regulator Ofgem outlining its concerns about British Gas. (www.thisislondon.co.uk 2006) Some opinions people say about British Gas customer service that it has rude staff- very unhelpful, unreliable, give false information as do not really know what to say, untrained, do not communicate with each other. It is lower than incompetent, it is dishonest and does not care one bit about its customers. In conclusion, no company that treats its customers this badly should be in business. Even my family and I have a bad experience with this firm. Once we moved to our new house and rang them up for arranging delivery of gas meter card (top-up card) they left us without any answer for four weeks. After four weeks waiting for delivery I rang them up once again to ask when was my card sent and they did not know what I was talking about! Same day I switched my energy supplier to one of their competing company. Conclusion Todays world of business is very differentiated by the meaning of its markets and customers. Nevertheless, every consumer expects highest quality products and services, designed and delivered every time it is demanded by him. If there is company not realizing this simple need, because non-marketing orientation, there will be dozens more other firms instantly competing to cover its place on the market. Future of innovation and well-being of companies is in hands of their exacting customers.

Starting a website with no fuss. Read all about it here

Starting a website with no fuss. Read all about it here How to start a website in 20 minutes Sometimes when we hear the word website most people take to their heels as they always imagine it must be something very complex. Well allow us to quickly show you how you can get your own website up working in no time and you do not need a web developer or designer for this. So you know just about anybody can start their own website. 5 reasons to start a website 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boost your CV and boost your professional presence. 2.  Ã‚   If your reason for creating a website is to make money then you are on the right path. 3.  Ã‚   Presents you with more freedom and allows you to work from just about anywhere. 4.  Ã‚   Very easy and affordable. WordPress WordPress is a free Content Management System (CMS) that lets anyone create, design, write and manage their own website. Do not think just because of its free cost then it's not the real deal. Well so you know CNN, NASA all are using WordPress. Statistically, WordPress platform manages over 25% of all website present today. One more thing it is really beginner friendly. WordPress needs to be installed on a web host and in this article; we will be using Bluehost which is very easy to run. The cost of using Bluehost is very minimal. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choose and register a domain name The first thing you need to do is get a domain name. This is usually what people type on their browser to find your website. For example, savethestudent.org is a domain name. With a domain name, everyone who wants to check your website out can easily find it. We have different domain name extensions, .com, .net, .info, .org. We have special service providers that could easily get you any domain name for a low-cost if such name is available. Note sometimes you have to make multiple changes to a choice of name because you are just one person in a million trying to get a domain name registered. So if your name is not available all you need to do is make a twitch by adding a number (1†¦..) or a character (-) or you can try a different extension (.info). A little twitch to the name can be beneficial. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setup website hosting As mentioned earlier every website needs to be hosted. Do not be scared when you hear these names. Think of a web host as the house accommodating all websites. When any visitor types your domain name it’s the job of the web host to serve your website to be seen. There are loads of web hosting services out there but for the purpose of beginners, we suggest you use Bluehost.   6 main reasons for choosing Bluehost 1. it’s not expensive (from $2.95pm) 2. Trustworthy (99.9% uptime) 3. Free domain name, email addresses 1-click WordPress install 4. Very cool and effective support and guides. 5. 30-day full refund policy if services granted are not satisfactory. 6. WordPress recommended. Usually to get a good price you need to pay for about a year or more and this will result in you paying just a little fraction. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Installing WordPress on Bluehost So now after the two steps above you already have an online presence but to have your website looking as it should be you need to download WordPress. Now you can add content and create your own design. There is no need for any formal education to be able to use this platform. Most of the tools you will need are already available to you inside. All you have to do is use what you want. Technically your online presence is secured at this stage, but if anyone goes over to your site, there won't be much to see! That won't be for long though†¦ you're about to install WordPress which allows you to easily manage your whole site, including content and design, without any technical background or coding experience. WordPress which was formally designed for blogs but now millions of websites use it with some very big names like CNN and MTV. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Choose your WordPress theme If someone visits your website at this stage it still looks too basic and empty. So, it’s time to do some work. First, you change the theme of your website. This going to be the first page every visitor sees when they arrive on your page. There are loads of themes available for you to choose from. Get to the Admin panel click on Appearance Theme. After you see what you like you can first preview it to see how it looks or go ahead and install to apply the Theme. Adding contents is quite easy, click on â€Å"Posts" "Add New" will open up the editor window, which looks just like the typical word processor. As soon as you get some articles published on your website there can be an endless flow of audience to your website and this brings us to the one important thing to know. You need traffic and by this we mean people visiting your website. Of course, you now have a functioning website but what use will it be if no one visits it. With Face book, Twitter and other social platforms it’s quite easy to drive traffic to your website page.

Contemporary Media Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Contemporary Media Practices - Essay Example On the other hand, media intervenes into the interactions of institutions through telecommunications media, which allow individuals to connect remotely. Furthermore, the media intervenes into the interactions of people in the wider society by disseminating and recording information regarding crucial events that are important to the community. Evidently, the media intervenes into social interaction in different ways, depending on the concrete features of the medium involved; these include the physical and practical aspects, as well as the social and visual merits of the medium in question. The media has made it possible for people to interact across vast distances without having to travel physically to meet up with one another or having to be at the same venue concurrently; there is a great difference between mediated interaction (through media) and non-mediated interaction (face-to-face). This marked difference clearly illustrates the manner in which media transforms social interactions; for instance, all the parties involved in face-to-face communications are exposed to both the verbal and non-verbal cues. However, this is not the case with mass media such as newspapers, radio and television whose recipients are often indefinite; on the other side of the spectrum, a telephone conversation between two individuals is a mediated interaction between known individuals. Nevertheless, mediated conversation is not necessarily more or less the non-mediated interaction in face-to-face interaction; in fact, only difference is that the situation that mediated interaction occurs in inevitably transforms the way the individuals interact. Unlike in non-mediated face-to-face communication, media has such an incredible capacity to extend interaction both in time and in space; media permits individuals to be in permanent connection all over the world, regardless of their physical isolation. Granted that mediated interaction does not require

Islamic Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Rules - Essay Example There are two major sources of this law in the religion of Islam. The first source is the Quran where there are laws that are indicated therein, that govern individuals in the religion of Islam. The second example is an example set by Prophet Muhammad in Sunnah. The sharia law has official status where leaders have different responsibilities basing on their positions of leadership. Shariah has been divided into five main branches which are: Crime and chastisement Economic system Family relations External relations and other relations as well. Bequest and disposal of possessions. There are various rules and regulations that are supposed to be followed by the Muslims in which if not. They are punishable by this same law. This gives a clear impression that they have to do what is expected of them at the right time, place and with the right people. This is to make certain that they show respect to their God just like other religions do. In the contemporary society, Muslims stick to their law making sure that they follow all the rule and regulations to avoid breaking the law. Generally in the Islam religion, there are five major pillars of rules and regulations that all of them are supposed to adhere to no matter what position of leadership they have in their religious hierarchy. All Muslims are following the five pillars because these pillars are the most important parts in Islam religion. According to Islam 101 â€Å"The 'Five Pillars' of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life. The five pillars include: Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet hood of Muhammad Establishment of the daily prayers Concern for and almsgiving to the needy Self-purification through fasting The pilgrimage to Makah and this is especially for those who are able. In other words, the five pillars involve declaring that Allah is GOD and Mohammad is GOD’s messenger, doing prayers on time, alms â€Å"Zakat† giving poor Muslims food, money and so on f or Muslims who are able to do the Zakat, fasting Ramadan, and doing pilgrimage â€Å"Hajj† for Muslims who can do the Hajj. It is strongly believed that if there is any Muslim doesn’t do these five pillars, he or she will not go to heaven unless Allah forgives them since Allah is the source of forgiveness for them. This essay seeks to explain how these laws are implemented in the contemporary Islam religion. Since there are many rules and regulations to be followed, this essay will major on the economic laws, marriage laws and the dress codes. These are the three issues that this essay will cover, explaining how these laws are implemented in the contemporary society, in the Islam religion. Looking at the first issue of discussion under the sharia law which is economics law, there are various rules and regulations that govern the Muslim religion for them to live as expected and carry out activities that are able to make the economy better than how it is. All Muslims who are living in situations that are above the subsistence level must pay alms. These alms are referred to as zakat and they are paid annually. Paying of alms is not a charitable activity carried out by the Muslims rather it is an obligation Muslims in comfortable living conditions are supposed to help those who are living under the poverty line so that they can also live better lives like other people in the society. The amount of alms to be paid by the wealthy Muslims is calculated basing on the

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay Example for Free

Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture Essay There were many ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era. Jazz became the cornerstone of popular culture during the period known as the swing era. The swing era influenced clothing styles, retail marketing, fashion, dance, and even language. Swing fans had their own clothing style and built a social phenomenon around it. With many dances coming and going the swing fans kept on dancing. Name some of the specific innovations Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Duke Ellington brought some specific innovations to jazz in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Ellington was in time known as the greatest composer in jazz, he wrote roughly 2,000 compositions that had arranged from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestra’s, to highly symphonic concert music, etc. Ellington made a lot of changes to make the perfect sound, he used a variety of mutes on brass instruments to achieve more interesting tonal effects, often gave melodies to instruments that were not typically melodic instruments, and he used cross-sectional voicing. Ellington created an orchestra in the early 1940’s which later became known as his â€Å"Favorite Orchestra†. Describe why Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Count Basie’s rhythm section is called the first modern rhythm section. Basie made the rhythm section to â€Å"breathe† which helped compliment instead of duplicate, as well as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high hat cymbal style. With this Basie had created the All-American Rhythm section which was known at the first modern rhythm section because Basie had created such an amazing rhythm section to go with the rest of his band it was solid. Describe some of the reasons why the swing era began and why it came to an end. There were many reasons why the swing era had begun and why it had come to an end. The beginning of the swing era started from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They traveled around on tour to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom wanted to hear the music that had been broadcasting and this began the swing era. The swing era decided to collapse with a shocking suddenness, with bands all over closing up their bags and shutting down. The swing era had suddenly ended from changing economics, the war, predictability, the changing audience, and bebop all of this had ended what was known as the swing era. Describe how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were different. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were very different throughout the swing era. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had emerged during the swing era. Considerably different, Hawkins played a huge dark sound, whereas Young’s was light and breathy. Some of the differences were as follows; Hawkins improvisations were based on his superior knowledge of harmony, Young’s were rooted in the blues, Hawkins played with a rhythmic approach that was always closely tied to the beat, and Young’s rhythmic conception was much looser, and often untied to the beat. Although they had many differences, they inspired sax players for years to come. The arranging styles of Ellington and Basie are quite different when put next to each other to compare and contrast. In the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington the rhythm section of the band is very on point, and broad it is a stand out section and wants to make their point. They are very loud obnoxious and want to make you want to dance. For the â€Å"One O’clock Jump† by Count Basie the rhythm section is very low key and mellow, although very good and has a good beat, more of a song to have a mellow night to or to hangout and relax to. I prefer the song â€Å"Take the A Train† by Duke Ellington, because I like to dance and it more fits my personality of a loud and obnoxious fun song.

cloning Essay -- essays research papers

Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned... cloning Essay -- essays research papers Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned... cloning Essay -- essays research papers Cloning Can cloning be beneficial to us? Or is cloning a waste of time and dollars? Cloning as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue. Society is firmly divided on the uses and ethics of cloning. Cloning can range from copies of plants and animals to clones of humans and human organs. Should we clone humans and human organs? Why clone human embryos? There are many legitimate reasons for investigating cloning. Embryologists believe that the research could help improve the lives of further generations. "Cancer research is possibly the most important reason for embryo cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of rapid growth of cancer cells. Cancer cells develop at approximately the same phenomenal rate as the embryonic cells do. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientist may be able to determine how to stop it, and also stop cancer growth in return." Another use for cloning is growing organs and / or tissues for humans. Cells can be manipulated to revert their embryonic stage and then these cells will have potential to grow into other tissues, cells, etc. This is done through chemical signals called fibroblast growth factors. These signals "tell" the cells what to do. These same chemical signals are also used on embryos. The fibroblast growth factors tell the cells what to become. Hans Spemann found the organizer effect, which is how the embryonic cells are aligned...

Examine the problems some sociologists may face when using different kinds Essay

?Examine the problems some sociologists may face when using different kinds of experiments in their research (20 Marks) To have control over variables and the environment they are researching, sociologists often use laboratory experiments in research. Lab experiments are used to test a hypothesis in a controlled environment, by altering an independent variable to see the dependant variable being tested changes. Positivists favour this method of research as it is a more scientific approach to research, which aims to identify correlations and patterns in behaviour whilst gathering quantitative data. Carrying out such experiments can cause practical issues for sociologists. One of the main practical issues is that the effect of society on people’s behaviour is very complex, and it is very difficult for researcher’s using lab experiments to identify and control all the variables that may have an influence on behaviour. It would be impossible for a sociologist to research all the influencing factors in a lab experiment, as this is far too complex to carry out in one controlled environment. Furthermore, lab experiments usually involve the study of a small sample as it would not be possible to study a large group of individuals in a controlled laboratory, unless you had a lot of time and this could become costly. This makes it difficult to research large scale social issues that affect behaviour and may also reduce the representativeness of research carried out. For example, Stanley Milgram carried out research on obedience to an authorative figure. He wanted to investigate whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II. To do so he studied 40 Americans all of whom were male. This is a small scale sample which only represents males and is ethnocentric to American males; therefore it would be difficult to generalise findings to the wider population and other countries. The unnatural settings of a lab experiment means the participants are aware of the experiment taking place. This creates what is called the ‘hawthorne effect’ where the behaviour the participants changes in response to the artificial surrounding and the fact they know they are being studied. As a result this reduces the validity of the results as the participants are not behaving in true-to-life ways and this would not provide a true account of the behaviour being researched. Interpretivists argue that the unnatural setting and low validity means that sociologists cannot gain verstehen, an empathetic understanding of the world from the viewpoint of those being studied. Furthermore, there are ethical issues when conducting experiments on human beings. As a general rule, researchers must gain the informed consent from the research participants. However, when researching child participants or people with learning difficulties it may be difficult to gain informed consent as they would not full understand what they are consenting to

DBQ 2. Reporter Paine. Reconciliation with Britain. Declaration.

DBQ’s – Questions and AnswersDocument 1 Why did Whately (and probably most other English officials) feel that the American colonists should be willing to pay higher taxes to Parliament? Whately felt that American Colonists should contribute to the preservation of the advantages they have received.Document 2 According to Dickinson, what taxes was Parliament justified in imposing on the colonies? According to Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. Why did he object to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts? Dickinson objected to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts because he did not have the authority to levy taxes.Document 3 How does the engraving tell a different story from the above description of the Boston Massacre? The engraving was a anti-British propaganda. Where do you suppose the term â€Å"massacre† to describe this event came from? This event is described as the term â€Å"massacre† because the Boston boys w ere taunted and cursed by the mean British soldiers.Document 4 Who did Cresswell blame for the growing antagonism between the British and the American colonists? Cresswell blamed New England for the growing antagonism between the British and the American Colonists.Document 5 Why, according to this document, were the Americans justified in fighting the British? According to this document, Americans defended themselves against British tyranny. Since the Parliament’s claim was that it had authority over the colonies â€Å"in all cases whatsoever†, the Americans felt threatened and had to resist by force.Document 6 Why was Paine unwilling to be reconciled with Britain? Paine was unwilling to be reconciled with Britain because it brought war into the land. Was Paine an objective and unbiased reporter? Explain. Paine was not an objective and unbiased reported because he was going against the king.Document 7 How does this document describe King George? This document describes King George as a tyrant. Was the Declaration an objective and unbiased statement of the American-British conflict? Explain. The Declaration was not objective and unbiased statement of the American-British conflict because it was on the American side.Essay 763 marked the end of French and Indian war and caused a great celebration and pride in the American colonies. But, in next twelve years, the same pride was altered by at bitter and violent conflict with the mother country. The injustices of the mother country finally led the American colonists to declare independence and wage war against it. American colonies were justified for waging war and breaking away from Britain because they were defending themselves against a series of measures Parliament wished to impose on their communities without their consent.In Thomas Whately’s pamphlet â€Å"Considerations† he expressed Britain’s view of taxation. The British felt that the colonists should pay higher taxes beca use they owe them for the help they received in the French and Indian War. Britain imposed new tax acts such as the Stamp Acts and the Sugar acts. However, the colonists felt threatened by these new rules (Doc1). Parliament imposed the Townshend Act, which raised taxes on imported goods. According to John Dickinson, Parliament was justified in imposing the Stamp Act on the colonies. Never did the British parliament, [until the passage of the Stamp Act] think of imposing duties in America for the purpose of raising a revenue† (Doc2). Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to convince the common people to support independence. His main idea was that Britain wants America for its resources. He also believed that Britain was too small to rule a continent, and that Britain was willing to kill its own people (OI). Paine was unwilling to be reconciled with Britain because it brought war into the land.He was not an objective and unbiased reporter because he was going against the king (Doc6). After all the big American-British conflict, the Americans finally gained their independence. They signed the Declaration of Independence adopted by The Continental Congress of July 4 1776. This document was objective and unbiased because it took the American side. It also mentioned King George – â€Å"the history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations [unlawful seizures], all having in direct objest the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States† (Doc7).

Process Essay Essays

Process Essay Essays Process Essay Essay Process Essay Essay Process Essay Name: Institution: Process Essay Many people like going enjoy the outdoors, especially going for camps with their friends and families. While some have gained much experience from the camping trips they went to when they were younger, others have a bad experience because they are at a loss of what to do to take care of themselves. One of the most important activities that a person does when camping is making a fire. Some people have a difficult time trying to build a fire. They spend a long time trying to make the wood burn, and the whole area ends up filled with smoke. This negative experience can make some people hate camping. When making a campfire, a person should maintain high safety standards by controlling the fire and ensuring that he extinguishes it before leaving the area. Campfire is necessary for different purposes. Other than making food, it also helps people to keep warm. People tell stories around the campfire, and it helps to deter some unwanted visitors such as some animals away from the camp. There fore, it is essential to learn how to make a good campfire. Materials: Dry wood Kindling, this can include small twigs and branches Lighter/matches Tinder, which can include dry grass, paper, parts of plants such as tree barks and leaves Rocks Water Process: A person should ensure first that he or she makes the fire in an area where the earth is bare. The area should not have any dry grass or plants on it, and it should be far from any other vegetation such as trees A person begins by making a fire ring, which involves surrounding the area where he or she intends to build the fire with rocks Place the tinder at the center of the fire ring Use the lighter or match to ignite the tinder Add more tinder in the process, as it burns fast Add small pieces of the kindling to the tinder gradually, ensuring that it burns A person should continue increasing the kindling in the fire while ensuring that there is enough space for air Once the kindling has lighted nicely, add the dry wood fuel, one piece at a time, while ensuring that there is enough space between the pieces of woods to enable the passage of air Lay the pieces of wood in the fire in a way that they crisscross Points to Note: A person may need to blow at the base of the fire in case the fire goes out One should add the wood fuel only according to the size of the fire needed. Few pieces of wood will do if the person needs the fire for a short period Making the fire ring is essential because it helps to keep the fire under control Wet wood, kindling, and tinder will not light well A person should ensure that he does not build the fire near the tents A person should arrange the kindling and wood in such a way that there is enough space for air passage. This ensures that there is enough oxygen to keep the fire going A person should put out the fire once he is done with it by sprinkling water on the coals

7 Classes and Types of Phrases

7 Classes and Types of Phrases 7 Classes and Types of Phrases 7 Classes and Types of Phrases By Mark Nichol Phrase is such a banal term for two or more words that convey an idea that it may surprise you that there are seven types of phrases, with variations. Here, with pertinent phrases in sample sentences formatted in boldface, is a rundown of the categories: 1. Absolute Phrase An absolute phrase is a modifying parenthetical or subordinate phrase of a root sentence that includes a subject but does not have an acting verb so cannot stand on its own as sentence: â€Å"Their effort to regain the lead successful, the team continued to score until they pulled ahead by a wide margin. 2. Appositive Phrase An appositive phrase is one that restates a preceding term, or expands or explains it, in a parenthetical statement. There are three variations of appositive phrases: â€Å"Her dog, a bull mastiff, looks ridiculous with a pink bow stuck to her head† features a noun phrase. â€Å"His favorite hobby, knitting, is rather unusual for a man† includes a gerund phrase. â€Å"The Tahitian’s ambition, to become an ice skater, is unexpected† has an infinitive phrase. Note that these three types of phrases are explained below; the distinction in the phrase types as applied above, as opposed to the types described below, is that each type serves as the basis for an appositive phrase; on their own, they need not be appositive, or set off. 3. Gerund Phrase A gerund phrase includes a verbal, a hybrid that functions as a noun (or adjective). There are three distinct functions: â€Å"Juggling knives is not recommended as a relaxation technique† includes a gerund phase as the subject of the sentence. â€Å"I’m going for a long walk off a short pier† features a gerund phrase as the sentence’s object. â€Å"She’s saving up for a vacation in Antarctica† has a gerund phrase as the object of a preposition. 4. Infinitive Phrase An infinitive phrase includes the word to and a verb as the basis of a modification of a root sentence: â€Å"His effort to pass the bill doomed his political ambitions† includes an infinitive phrase that functions as an adjective modifying the previous noun. â€Å"He plans to see the movie† features an infinitive phrase that functions as the sentence’s object. â€Å"To write of the experience is to dredge up unpleasant memories† has an infinitive phrase that functions as the sentence’s subject. â€Å"To say as much is to admit guilt† includes an infinitive phrase that serves as predicate nominative, or a substitute subject. â€Å"I went to the store to buy some ice cream† features an infinitive phrase that stands as an adverb (modifying the verb went). 5. Noun Phrase A noun phrase consists of a person, place, or thing and any modifiers: â€Å"This is a grammar lesson.† It may include one or more adjectives (as grammar modifies lesson here). It might include a noun and a modifying clause: â€Å"This is a lesson that explains the various types of phrases.† It might take the form of one of three other types of phrase: infinitive, participial, and prepositional. (The infinitive phrase is discussed above, and the latter two types are described below.) Many noun phrases are continuous; they consist of words in sequence. However, a noun phrase may be discontinuous, meaning that it is broken up into more than one element: â€Å"This lesson is one that explains the various types of phrases.† 6. Participial Phrase A participial phrase consists of verbals ending in -ing or -ed, or another irregular form of a verb, and serves as an adjective: The participial phrase in â€Å"Having been lied to before, I was wary† modifies the word I. The phrase may be parenthetical within a sentence, too: In â€Å"You, knowing what you now know, are in a better position to judge,† the participial phrase modifies the word you. 7. Prepositional Phrase A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a noun or pronoun that serves as the preposition’s object, and often one or more adjectives: â€Å"I went for a walk in the dark woods.† Prepositional phrases are often located at the head of a sentence. â€Å"When the sun went down, I hurried back.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingAwoken or Awakened?20 Ways to Cry

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 11

Marketing - Essay Example Most importantly, it is important to understand that these 7P’s also reflect upon the overall performance of the firm and must be aligned with the overall strategy of the firm. As such it is important that different aspects of marketing shall be designed in such a manner that they allow firms to develop their strengths in the market. Uniqlo is one of retail stores in UK offering women’s and Men’s clothing over internet as well as through its stores. It is important to note that Uniqlo is a Japan based firm offering the products to many countries of the world including UK. The unique business model of the firm allows it to involve itself in every process of manufacturing and marketing of the product and its subsequent sales. This report will therefore attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of the 7P’s of the marketing process undertaken at the firm besides comprehensively covering PESTLE analysis and assessing its impact on the firm. UNIQLO is an international brand offering men’s and women’s clothing since 1984. Traditionally, it is a Japanese casual wear store with international presence in many countries including UK, US, Korea, Japan etc. Uniqlo originally is a part of Fast Retailing Co, it is now a fully owned subsidiary of the firm with listings on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The early history of the company suggest that it focused on selling men’s wear only and it entered into the second segment of the market at later stage. Since late 1990’s firm has developed a unique business model based the model adapted by â€Å"The Gap†- an American casual wear giant.(Wilson & Barbaro, 2006). Accordingly, the firm was able to sell its own branded cloths outsourced through other manufacturers. This SPA or Specialty retailer of Private Label Apparel- provided UNIQLO a very different strategy to follow and it has implemented this strategy across the board in almost every country where it is